Freud and the mind:

The mind, according to Freud. (c) Hannah Hayesmore

According to Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), the reality of human nature is pain due to the devision between the three different parts of ourselves. These three parts are:

1) The Id is part of us from birth and is derrived from the animal side of us. It is our instinct to gain pleasure and avoid pain, responsible for aggressive and sexual nature. The Id is our dominant personality.

2) The Self (or Ego) is the voice of reason that we develope personally. We think this is dominant but is actually tthe weakest part of us. It keeps us grounded in reality and voices moderation and common sense.

3) The Super-ego is our internalised rules given to us by our parents and society. It develops after birth through socialisation. It punishes us with guilt when we do not meet its often unrealistic demands.

Each of these parts of our conciousness contradict one another, which leads to misery.

Channel 5 News Critique 27/11/12 (5pm)

As our guest editor this week is Geoff Hill, the WINOL team has been asked to review the Channel 5 news. It is a 20 minute bulletin, with an opening sequence that cuts straight to the headlines after it is introduced at the end of the adverts. The headlines are quite pacey and generally cut the point. Today’s headlines were:

·         Flooding across Britain;

·         Bill Tarmey funeral; and

·         BBC Sports personality of the year 2012 contenders.

The fact that there is new angle on the first story as it could become a little repetitive without it and he shots of the floods from the helicopters were fairly visually interesting. I felt, however, that the Bill Tarmey story was perhaps not important as others that could have taken its place in the headlines. I also thought that the edit on Chris Hoy for the sports personality story looked a little strange; I realise was to tease the audience, but I feel there were probably better ways of doing this by perhaps choosing a different clip or using a different edit.

For the first live cut to the floods, I thought the positioning with the fire engine in the background looked good. The way in which the UK map moved as locations were pinned on there looked odd as the pins did not move with it and the interview with David Cameron seemed quite bland; the statement made seemed very pre-prepared and perhaps a better quote was available, perhaps different questioning could have acquired it. The second throw was very same-y in a way and some of the quotes and questioning of the rescue person and those in hostels seemed a little weak and pointless. It wasn’t overly interesting either. The interview with the man trapped in his house was very good though. Personally, I found it impressive that the sound was so good in that interview when there was no way of getting him a good mic.

The Norovirus story had too many facts from the interviewees and the dramatic music at the end sounded very out of place in the VT. The story about the rebate was seemed very important yet was over so quickly I didn’t get a chance to make many notes on it.

The Nadine Dorries story didn’t seem to be as important as fourth story to me, especially as there was not a lot of new information.

The “still to come” before the ad break seemed much better in its construction than the headlines. However, the news recap after only included one story, which I felt made it a little short over all.

The possible murder of President Yasser Arafat was a very interesting story, however it wasn’t particularly grabbing visually and the interviews did not add a lot, especially the scientist who mostly spoke about facts.

Bill Tarmey funeral, whilst quite moving, seemed unusually long. It would, perhaps, make more sense to be that long if Coronation Street was a Channel 5 program. There was also a strange buzzing during part of the eulogy which could have been removed or at least faded during edited.

The crane fire story was very visually interesting, using good images for a good length. The story was about the right length to, however the scripting could have been more dramatic and had a greater focus on the people involved.

Chris Hoy was quite oddly framed in the Sports Personality story. It became a little better when it was tightened but seeing the back of the journalist’s head was a little jarring and unnecessary. The voiceover quality was poor and seemed to peak quite a lot. Personally, I would have cut (or at least shortened) the last voxpop as it was a little long, as was the overall length of time dedicated to them.

Overall, I found the bulletin quite informative and enjoyable. However, finding things I could critique gave me confidence for our own on http://winol.co.uk (live at 5pm every Wednesday, in case you don’t know) and for my own future career, as well as those of my colleagues/fellow students.

Website Designs

Over the course of the year, the WINOL website (www.winol.co.uk) has taken on a variety of faces as we try to modernise and build a more user-friendly site. However, there is certainly still room for improvement which is why, over the last few weeks, I have been creating some new designs and feel I’ve finally come up with something worth publishing. The design attempts to draw on features of   both other news websites as well as mobile applications which are becoming more and more popular ways of finding out the news.

Starting by introducing a colour scheme and taking elements from our original site, I created a front page that incorporates all the various aspects of the site, from news to sport and from radio to features.

The idea is to have a bar at the top that scrolls with you to make it easy to navigate from one page to the next. It includes a drop down menu with all the various sections of both news and features on it.

News:

In pictures:

As with many news sites, I have decided it would be good to include an “In Pictures” section that would combine the news in brief with pictures from the events. This would mean, though, that our reports are likely to need camera training and will have to remember to take pictures for each story, something that I have been encouraging them to do already as photographing things as you work looks particularly good on our social media profiles, particularly twitter.

Features:

Radio:

Starting this morning, WINOL has taken over a regular slot on Sound Radio - the University of Winchester’s student radio station – every Tuesday from 10am to 2pm. We have decided to record each show and create a pod cast of the best bits using Sound Cloud. Therefore, it is important that we have a radio page both with the podcasts and, ideally, a live payer for the site (or, failing this, a link to www.sound-radio.co.uk)

Sport:

Review – The County Arms (Winchester)

As one of the closest pubs to the University of Winchester, The County Arms is a fairly popular student haunt. It is also near to the hospital and police station, so it is also visited by many local people, particularly during sporting events as it has several television screens. Alongside an array of drinks, the pub also serves food.

Emma and I visited The County Arms on the 15^th November. Upon entering, we found the pub to be quite quiet and were easily able to find a seat. We found the menu had a large variety of dishes to choose from, which made it hard for Emma to decide what she wanted. After much deliberation, Emma went to the bar to order. She found the staff friendly and, even once business had picked up, they never seemed too busy to help.

Whilst our selection arrived relatively quickly, both Emma and I found that the food quickly lost its temperature. Having ordered the tuna and cheese melt baguette with a side of sweet potato fries, I had anticipated a much warmer and more toasted offering. The baguette seemed undercooked and was quite pale in its complexion while the sandwich filling had almost no warmth to it at all. I also found the ratio of tuna to cheese to be overly weighted towards the fish, almost as though the cheese was an afterthought. The sweet potato fries seemed to be unseasoned however, they were well cooked and beautifully crispy. The salad garnish was lackluster at best; the lettuce was limp and the dressing looked unappetisingly grey. I found their selection of wine to be far too weighted towards the drier end of the spectrum. Whilst I am no wine expert, I do know that I much prefer a sweeter bottle so my choice was immediately narrowed. I ended up opting for a glass of the sweetest (and also newest) white on the menu, Yellow Tail Moscato, which was slightly sweet and lightly fizzy with a fruity finish to it.

Emma’s meal, pasta meatball marinara, also got cold fairly quickly. She said that she was “less than impressed” with her meal, though still found it pleasant. Describing it as tasting “homemade,” she was a little disappointed that, whilst the food was nice, it was no better than something she could easily make herself any night. The pasta was a little soggy and the meatballs grisly.  She also said she would have liked more olives in the sauce as this is how it was advertised and, at first, thought that there weren’t any in there. Emma found the garlic bread, too, was soggy; she wanted something crunchy “almost like bruschetta” but thought that the fact it was ciabatta bread that was used was “a nice touch.” As a bit of a cola connoisseur, she rated their soda 5 on a scale of 1-10 (10 being perfect and 1 being ‘I had to take it back to the bar’) as the syrup content was quite low and the ice melted in it making it watery.

Personally, I found the décor fairly pleasing if only as it seemed almost familiar; it has a fairly standard English pub look to it, though some of the colours seemed a little ‘mishmashed’.

Overall ratings:

Haz: 

Emma:

HCJ3 Economics Seminar Paper

HCJ3 Week 6 - Seminar Paper - Economics

Economics

Adam Smith (1723 – 1790) published “The Wealth of Nations” in 1776; it asked and discussed why some countries are richer than others. His ideas can be summarised by saying that richer countries have 3 characteristics:

1.       Liberty – people are free to go and do as they please (within the law) and can calculate the risks and benefits of transactions they make.

2.       Free trade – people are not forced to produce certain things by the government but are free to produce what they wish.

3.       The ‘hidden hand of the market’ – people pursue their own self-interest to maximise utility (see Utilitarianism). This is beneficial through the law of unintended consequences (where our actions have impacts that we had not intended or considered).

However, Smith’s theory was widely criticised as it lead to the alienation of people through labour division. He also suggested that unemployment was only ever temporary; this became very unpopular during the depression in the 1920s and 30s.

David Ricardo (1772 – 1823) accepts most of Adam Smiths’ works. However, he differs to Smith in his idea of value. Smith suggests that there are two types of value: use and exchange. Whilst something may be useful, it is not necessarily got a high exchange value as it may be quite plentiful. Ricardo suggests that this is wrong; things like water (high use, low exchange) have a low price as very little labour is needed to produce it. He says that natural objects have no real value until humans interact with it and force value upon it; this is called labour power. He also says that, whilst supply and demand will have a factor on the price in the short term, the overall price for something tracks the amount of labour that goes into it.

Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) believe that population needed limiting as eventually it outstretched the supply of food, housing and jobs.

In his theory:

Population increase > ‘bad times’ > economic expansion > ‘good times’ > population increase > ‘bad times’ > etc.

This cycle drives the economy and other developments (such as in technology) forward. For this reason, Malthus was against the poor laws and for the Corn Laws as these interferences would prevent the cycle continuing properly.

However, history did not continue in the way he had predicted. His ideas failed to take into consideration that each extra person was an extra labourer to produce food, housing, and so on. Neither had he thought that the productivity could increase so dramatically with the use of new technology.

Karl Marx (1818 – 1883) theorised that Capitalism is unsustainable due to the ‘iron law of wages’; due to the need to create profits, the wages of labourers are insufficient to purchase the items they create. He says that capitalism exploits the working class through the surplus theory. The theory suggests that if a labourer earns the wages he needs to sustain himself each week by working 20 hours but is contracted to work 60, the other 40 are surplus labour and he money for working them is surplus value, which is how profit is created. The money the worker would earn in this time, essentially, goes to the employer. Instead of earning £15/hour for 20 hours work, labourers earn £5/hour for 60 hours work and the extra money becomes profit. The flaw in this, of course, is that Marx assumes that, no matter how much profit a company is making, it will only pay its workers enough to live off of. However, this is not the case of employers in developed countries which should have been the most affected and led the revolution. He also hadn’t considered the ‘credit’ system, where you can borrow money and repay it over time from banks.

In classical economics (like Adam Smith’s), money is said to have no effect on people’s actions and works merely as a scoring system. However, modern economic views suggest there is a “money effect” where the use of currency changes people’s behaviour.

John Maynard Keynes (1883 – 1946) says that saving money reduces the money in the economy, so your income also goes down. In a simplified version of this:

There are two people in the world, person A makes £100 a week by selling widgets to person B at £1 a widget and person B makes £100 a week by selling thingies to person A at £1 a thingy. The total income in this economy is £200, which corresponds to 100 widgets and 100 thingies.

If person B decides to save £50 out of his £100 and keep it in cash. As a result, person A’s income falls to £50 and the total income in the economy is now £150 - with the economy producing 50 thingies fewer than before. In the following week, person A only has £50 to spend which means that person B's income also falls to £50 and they end up buying fewer widgets.

Critics of this point out that this system would allow legislators to interfere with the ‘private sector’ & potentially affect the free market. He also doesn’t consider the complexities of modern banking, where savings are invested to try to create more money and help the economy.

Utilitarianism

Jeremy Bentham (1748 – 1832) was influenced by Hobbes’s negative outlook on human nature; his utilitarian outlook in “An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation” (1789) says the mankind is governed by pain and pleasure. He suggests that legislation needs to be able the gauge the value of pleasure and pain; it is the business of the government to promote the happiness of society by rewarding & punishing accordingly. As punishment is such an evil, in his opinion, it should only be used it if promises to exclude a greater evil. It should also work as a deterrent and should not be harsher than is necessary to deter the offender, the public or both from acting in such a manor in future.

He was less concerned with the morality of each individual and more interested in offering guidance to leaders and legislators on managing communities. He suggests that:

A: 

Is better than

B:

As, overall, you score more ‘happiness points’. Of course, this is dependent on if you focus on “most people” or “most happy”, therefore legislation needs to be supplemented by some sort of limit on the amount of inequality & degree of misery for the worst off.

John Stuart Mill (1806 – 1873) was a student of Bentham as a child. As such, many of his ideas are very similar to Bentham’s. However, he tries to improve them by ranking happiness rather than assuming all pleasures are of an equal value. He also emphasises the importance of setting limits to the constraints systems could put on individuals and their independence, though does not offer many ideas as to how to fix restrictive legislation.

In his book “Principles of Political Economy” (1848) he states that everyone should be taxed equally as progressive taxation penalises the hard working and those who save more of their money. He also says that we should have an almost entirely free market with the price being dependent on supply and demand rather than any government regulation. He made exceptions, however, on things like alcohol on utilitarian grounds. Later, his views began to bend more towards socialism: he suggested abolishing the wage system for a co-operative one.

Mill promoted economic democracy; in a capitalist economy, workers should be able to elect their managers. He also thought that population control was essential in the working class to improve their conditions and ease the competition for jobs as more competition means lower wages.

Currency and Inflation

Currency is a “unit of purchasing power” or a medium for exchange. It is, essentially, an I.O.U. for more stuff. Originally, it was backed by a “gold standard” where each sum of money was worth a certain amount of gold and could be exchanged in a bank; this is no longer the case.

Inflation is when currency becomes less valuable over time due to 2 factors:

·         People’s perception of money

·         Supply and demand (which has the bigger impact)

Printing more money increases inflation: doubling the number of notes in circulation halves their worth. This is bad for people on a fixed income, such as pensioners. For people who earn a wage, however, this has less of an impact as their wages increase at the same rate.

Is an Original Always better than a Remake?

As the film industry has seemingly found the fountain of ideas has run dry, it has become common place for writers to remake ones that have already been proven popular. Most recently, classic 80s & 90s movies and cult phenomena have been the focus of floundering film writers’ attention, much to the annoyance and disappointment of many film buffs. However, are these movie purists always right to assume that a remake won’t be as good as the original? Or does the use of improved graphics and modernised story telling merely enhance the film and make it more accessible to a new generation of film fans? I looked at the recently released Dredd 3D and Total Recall to make my own mind up.

I initially saw Total Recall (2012); having not seen the original film beforehand, I went into the cinema with little more than a basic idea of the plot and no real expectations of what the film should include. In many respects it was less of a remake and more a re-think or reworking of the original into something wholly more believable. Looking at it as a film in its own right, the story and the science is fairly believable and it is filled with as much action, suspense and general bad-ass stuff as you would expect from any film of its genre. The inclusion of a little back story at the beginning helps a little to understand why certain aspects of the plot are happening but, generally, it feels a little irrelevant. What is nice though is the way in which the audience is allowed to piece the plot together by themselves which, whilst this aspect is present in the original, makes a lot sense in this version. It’s also nice that the new film doesn’t feel it has to spell it out quite as clearly, which can sometimes detracts from the enjoyment of thinking for yourself.

Although the new film is very different in most aspects of its story, there are a fair few throw backs to the original – I’m sure there are many men out there that are pleased to hear that they’ve kept the lady with three breasts – which is quite nice to see; these include all the names being the same, some similar lines and the fat lady in yellow going through customs, though this has been changed a little to create some surprise for film goers who have seen the original. I’m pleased to say, though, that the creepy JohnnyCab drivers have gone – those things are, frankly, scarier than most of the film.

Unlike the two Total Recall films, Dredd 3D and Judge Dredd are very different from one another – the newest is certainly not a sensitive modernisation of the first. Judge Dredd takes more elements from the comic book series it’s based upon; however, you could argue that the newest film is reminiscent of an individual episode and leaves room for one or more follow on to explore other elements from the comics. Aside from this, it is very hard to compare the two films. Whether this is a good or bad thing is hard to decide; by making it so modern and changing the story line so drastically to me makes the idea that it’s a Judge Dredd film seem more of a gimmick as it is, arguably, just like any other action film. Having said that, I can also see that it is a way of interesting a modern audience in the story line and by creating it that way allows for sequels that can expand into the areas of the comic that have yet to be explored. Of course, you could also say that the fact that there were only 7 other people in the cinema with me speaks volumes.

Having said that, I have a bit of a problem with Judge Dredd. For a start, I found the entire plot much too predictable; I was calling the next scene about 5 minutes before it happened. Perhaps in 1995 it wasn’t obvious that he had a twin or that the jet was going to crash or that the old guy was going to walk in just at the right time to save them or anything like that, but for me it was. I also couldn’t stand the scientific inaccuracies. If an embryo split in two, it would make identical twins and whilst they could grow up to be very different people, they would still look the same. I understand the idea is that the DNA in Rico was supposed to have mutated to make him the perfect villain, but the DNA would have had to have been, essentially inverted and DNA doesn’t do that. And, if it did, the encoding on the gun would be different as his and Dredd’s DNA would be different (and yes, this does also summarise my feelings towards the film “Twins” too). Also, the idea that they could create clones the way they did in the film is a scientific impossibility. Even if it wasn’t, they still wouldn’t have had anything programmed into their brains, nor would they have been able to move around like that if their bones and muscles had only been 80% formed. Just saying.

Another thing I’d like to point out, though it’s a little unrelated, is that Dredd 3D has not had many 2D screening for people like myself who feel that 3D is pointless and over-rated (and who get headaches after about 20minutes of watching it) which I think is both a major oversight from the film’s distributers and an unwelcome omen for the future of modern cinema.

With all this in mind, I have come to the conclusion that re-makes can, in some circumstances, be as good as (or perhaps even better) than  the originals. However, if you’re the kind of person that becomes overly emotional and attached to a film, it is perhaps better to stick with your beloved original as it’s likely you’ll find the new one a butchery of your precious original.

Thoughts for Freshers – Top Ten Tips for Surviving Semester 1 (and beyond)

No matter what your age or maturity level, leaving home for the first time and heading to university can be pretty daunting. Using my own wealth of knowledge and experience from the last year, I have compiled a list of 10 tips to surviving the first year of the rest of your life (no pressure or anything) – Good Luck!

1)      Don’t Panic – Fairly basic, but definitely something you’re going to want to keep in mind. There’s no need to stress about anything, everyone’s in pretty much the same boat as you and if you ever feel particularly overwhelmed, then there’ll be plenty of people about to help you out; roommates, lecturers, 2^nd & 3^rd years just to name a few and they’ll be much more approachable and happy to help than you’d imagine.

2)      Work through the home sickness – Whether it strikes you in the first week or not ‘til Christmas, you’re almost certainly going to feel a little home sick at some point through your first term. The best thing you can do is to just keep going. If it’s particularly bad, then it’s actually better not to call home and see how everyone is; often this makes it worse. Just go out or stay in with some of your mates and have fun, you’ll forget your missing home in no time.

3)      Work hard, party harder – Whilst you may only need to pass your first year, it’s still very important to do the work you’re given. However, you shouldn’t let yourself feel swamped by it, so go out (or stay in) and have fun!

4)      Talk to EVERYONE – In the first few weeks, it’s worth talking to as many people as possible and going out with whoever’s going, make friends with people you don’t normally talk to and just generally be around people. Partly for company, partly because you never know – you might make a great new friend! And even if you don’t, it’s no biggy; you’ll find some on your course or at one of the many societies you join (and you should join all the ones that interest you).

5)      Be yourself – A lot of people think that Uni is a place to discover yourself and experiment, but you shouldn’t feel pressured into doing anything you don’t want to or being someone you’re not. People worthwhile knowing will respect you for being you.

6)      BUDGET – It’s very easy to get into debt at University, so keeping track of your finances is essential and a spread sheet on your laptop keeping track of your incomings and outgoings can be invaluable. Remember that your student loan needs to last you about 3 months at a time, so don’t blow it in the first 3 weeks, or you’ll start to struggle.

7)      Keep your room organised – Apparently, a tidy room is a tidy mind (or some other old wives’ tale of some description), but life’s just easier if you know where all your stuff is, so you should try to keep your room clean and tidy. It’s particularly vital to know where all your important documents are – health forms, finance letters, address books, lecture work; you never know when you’ll need them.

8)      Explore – Don’t just go from room to lecture to bar and back to your room again! Get to know the town or city you’re living in; you may find a great little shop or pub or picnicking spot you would never have known about otherwise.

9)      Keep in contact with home – After all, you’ll have to go back eventually! When you do, don’t expect everything to feel like it always did before; you, your friends and your family will have changed in the time you’ve been gone, though that’s not necessarily a bad thing.

10)   Look after yourself (and your friends) – make sure you eat well, drink enough (water, not just booze) and keep yourself and your room clean and healthy; it’s hard to learn or party if you feel rubbish. You should also try to look after your friends or else you could get quite lonely quite quickly.